206 research outputs found
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Circulating Omegaâ3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Subclinical Brain Abnormalities on MRI in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Background: Consumption of tuna or other broiled or baked fish, but not fried fish, is associated with fewer subclinical brain abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the association between plasma phospholipid omegaâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), objective biomarkers of exposure, and subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI. Methods and Results: In the communityâbased Cardiovascular Health Study, 3660 participants aged â„65 underwent brain MRI in 1992â1994, and 2313 were rescanned 5 years later. MRIs were centrally read by neuroradiologists in a standardized, blinded manner. Participants with recognized transient ischemic attacks or stroke were excluded. Phospholipid PUFAs were measured in stored plasma collected in 1992â1993 and related to crossâsectional and longitudinal MRI findings. After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratio for having a prevalent subclinical infarct was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.44 to 0.82; P for trend=0.001) in the highest versus lowest longâchain omegaâ3 PUFA quartile. Higher longâchain omegaâ3 PUFA content was also associated with better white matter grade, but not with sulcal or ventricular grades, markers of brain atrophy, or with incident subclinical infarcts. The phospholipid intermediateâchain omegaâ3 PUFA alphaâlinolenic acid was associated only with modestly better sulcal and ventricular grades. However, this finding was not supported in the analyses with alphaâlinolenic acid intake. Conclusions: Among older adults, higher phospholipid longâchain omegaâ3 PUFA content was associated with lower prevalence of subclinical infarcts and better white matter grade on MRI. Our results support the beneficial effects of fish consumption, the major source of longâchain omegaâ3 PUFAs, on brain health in later life. The role of plantâderived alphaâlinolenic acid in brain health requires further investigation
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Biomarkers of Dairy Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the MultiâEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Background: Evidence regarding the role of dairy fat intake in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been mixed and inconclusive. Most earlier studies have used selfâreported measures of dietary intake and focused on relatively racially homogeneous populations. Circulating biomarkers of dairy fat in a multiethnic cohort provide objective measures of dairy fat intake and facilitate conclusions relevant to populations with different diets and susceptibility to CVD. Methods and Results: In a multiethnic cohort of 2837 US adults aged 45 to 84 years at baseline (2000â2002), phospholipid fatty acids including 15:0, 14:0, and transâ16:1n7 were measured using standardized methods, and the incidence of CVD prospectively adjudicated. Selfâreported wholeâfat dairy and butter intakes had strongest associations with 15:0, rather than 14:0 or transâ16:1n7. In multivariate models including demographics and lifestyle and dietary habits, each SDâunit of 15:0 was associated with 19% lower CVD risk (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.81 [0.68 to 0.98]) and 26% lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk (0.74 [0.60 to 0.92]). Associations were strengthened after mutual adjustment for 14:0 and transâ16:1nâ7 and were similar after adjustment for potential mediators. Plasma phospholipid 14:0 and transâ16:1nâ7 were not significantly associated with incident CVD or CHD. All findings were similar in white, black, Hispanic, and Chinese American participants. Conclusion: Plasma phospholipid 15:0, a biomarker of dairy fat, was inversely associated with incident CVD and CHD, while no association was found with phospholipid 14:0 and transâ16:1nâ7. These findings support the need for further investigation of CVD effects of dairy fat, dairyâspecific fatty acids, and dairy products in general
Associations of Plasma Phospholipid Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and MRI Measures of Cardiovascular Structure and Function: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Background. The association between plasma omega-6 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear, and discrepancy remains concerning the cardiovascular benefit of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. Methods. Associations of plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures of left ventricular (LV) mass, LV volume, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and aortic distensibility were investigated in 1,274 adults. Results. Results of multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant associations of plasma omega-6 or omega-3 levels with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures. Stratification by gender revealed a positive association between DHA and LV mass in women (ÎČ = 1.89, P = 0.02; P interaction = 0.003) and a trend for a positive association between DHA and ejection fraction in men (ÎČ = 0.009, P = 0.05; P interaction = 0.03). Conclusion. Additional research is warranted to clarify the effects of plasma DHA on cardiac structure and function in women versus men
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Associations of Plasma Phospholipid and Dietary Alpha Linolenic Acid With Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Background: Few studies have examined the relationship of αâlinolenic acid (ALA 18:3nâ3), an intermediateâchain essential nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derived from plants and vegetable oils, with incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results: The study population included participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a communityâbased longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65 or older, free of prevalent coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation. We assessed the associations of plasma phospholipid and dietary ALA with incident AF using Cox regression. The biomarker analysis comprised a total of 2899 participants, and the dietary analysis comprised 4337 participants. We found no association of plasma phospholipid ALA and incident AF. Comparing each of the second, third, and fourth quartiles to the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios for AF were 1.11 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.37), 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.35), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.15), after adjustment for age, sex, race, clinic, education, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, waist circumference, diabetes, heart failure, stroke, treated hypertension, and physical activity (P trend=0.48). When dietary ALA was considered the exposure of interest, results were similar. Conclusions: Results from this prospective cohort study of older adults indicate no association of plasma phospholipid or dietary ALA and incident AF
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Plasma Phospholipid TransâFatty Acids Levels, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Total Mortality: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Background: While selfâreported transâfatty acid (TFA) consumption is linked to coronary heart disease (CHD), relationships between objective biomarkers of TFA subtypes (tâ16:1n9, total tâ18:1, and cis/transâ(c/tâ), t/câ and t/tâ18:2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or total mortality are not well established. Methods and Results: We evaluated 2742 adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study, aged 74±5 years and free of prevalent CVD, with plasma phospholipid TFA measures in 1992. Incident fatal and nonfatal CHD events, CVD and nonâCVD mortality, and total mortality were centrally adjudicated through 2010. Risks were assessed using Cox proportional hazards. During 31 494 personâyears, 1735 total deaths and 639 total CHD events occurred. In the multivariate model including mutual adjustment for the 5 TFA subtypes, circulating t/tâ18:2 was associated with higher total mortality (extreme quintile hazard ratio (HR)=1.23, 95% CI=1.04 to 1.44, Pâtrend=0.01), CVD mortality (HR=1.40, 95% CI=1.05 to 1.86, Pâtrend=0.02), and total CHD (HR=1.39, 95% CI=1.06 to 1.83, Pâtrend=0.01). t/câ18:2 was positively related to total mortality (HR=1.19, Pâtrend=0.05), total CHD (HR=1.67, Pâtrend=0.002), and nonfatal CHD (HR=2.06, Pâtrend=0.002) after mutual adjustment; these associations were insignificant without mutual adjustment. Neither tâ16:1n9 nor tâ18:1 was significantly associated with total mortality or CVD, nor was c/tâ18:2 if we excluded early cases. Conclusions: Among circulating TFAs, t/tâ18:2 was most adversely associated with total mortality, mainly due to the increased risk of CVD. t/câ18:2 was also positively associated with total mortality and CHD, but only after adjustment for other TFAs. These results highlight the need for further investigation of dietary sources, nondietary determinants, and health effects of specific TFA subtypes, especially tâ18:2 isomers
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Plasma Phospholipid Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Background: Prior studies suggest that circulating fatty acids may influence the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about the associations of circulating saturated fatty acids with risk of AF. Methods and Results: The study population included 2899 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a communityâbased longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65 years or older in the United States who were free of prevalent coronary heart disease and AF in 1992. Cox regression was used to assess the association of all the longâchain saturated fatty acidsâpalmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0)âwith incident AF. During a median of 11.2 years of followâup, 707 cases of incident AF occurred. After adjustment for other AF risk factors, higher levels of circulating 16:0 were associated with a higher risk of AF (hazard ratio comparing highest and lowest quartiles: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.86). In contrast, higher levels of circulating 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were each associated with a lower risk of AF. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for AF in the top and bottom quartiles were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.95) for 18:0; 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.97) for 20:0; 0.62 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.78) for 22:0; and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.85) for 24:0. Conclusions: Results from this prospective cohort study of older adults demonstrate divergent associations of circulating 16:0 versus longerâchain saturated fatty acids with incident AF, highlighting the need to investigate both determinants of these levels and potential pathways of the observed differential risk
The impact of fatty acids biosynthesis on the risk of cardiovascular diseases in Europeans and East Asians:A Mendelian randomization study
Despite early interest, the evidence linking fatty acids to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains controversial. We used Mendelian randomization to explore the involvement of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids biosynthesis in the etiology of several CVD endpoints in up to 1â153â768 European (maximum 123â668 cases) and 212â453 East Asian (maximum 29â319 cases) ancestry individuals. As instruments, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to genes with well-known roles in PUFA (i.e. FADS1/2 and ELOVL2) and MUFA (i.e. SCD) biosynthesis. Our findings suggest that higher PUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs174576 near FADS1/2) is related to higher odds of multiple CVDs, particularly ischemic stroke, peripheral artery disease and venous thromboembolism, whereas higher MUFA biosynthesis rate (proxied by rs603424 near SCD) is related to lower odds of coronary artery disease among Europeans. Results were unclear for East Asians as most effect estimates were imprecise. By triangulating multiple approaches (i.e. uni-/multi-variable Mendelian randomization, a phenome-wide scan, genetic colocalization and within-sibling analyses), our results are compatible with higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (and possibly glucose) being a downstream effect of higher PUFA biosynthesis rate. Our findings indicate that PUFA and MUFA biosynthesis are involved in the etiology of CVDs and suggest LDL cholesterol as a potential mediating trait between PUFA biosynthesis and CVDs risk
Myocardial infarction and stroke associated with diuretic based two drug antihypertensive regimens: population based case-control study
Objective To examine the association of myocardial infarction and stroke incidence with several commonly used two drug antihypertensive treatment regimens
PUFA omega-3 and omega-6 biomarkers and sleep : a pooled analysis of cohort studies on behalf of the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
Background: n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have physiologic roles in sleep processes. but little is known regarding circulating n-3 and n-6 PUFA and sleep parameters. Objectives: We sought to assess associations between biomarkers of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty falling sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium. Methods: Harmonized, de novo. individual-level analyses were performed and pooled across 12 cohorts. Participants were 35-96 y old and from 5 nations. Circulating measures included alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, EPA + DPA DHA, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Sleep duration (10 cohorts. n = 18.791) was categorized as short (= 9 h). Difficulty falling asleep (8 cohorts, n = 12,500) was categorized as yes or no. Associations between PUFAs, sleep duration, and difficulty falling sleeping were assessed by cross-sectional multinomial logistic regression using standardized protocols and covariates. Cohort-specific multivariable-adjusted ORs per quintile of PUFAs were pooled with inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Results: In pooled analysis adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and health status, participants with higher very long-chain n-3 PUFAs were less likely to have long sleep duration. In the top compared with the bottom quintiles. the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for long sleep were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.95) for DHA and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.93) for EPA + DPA + DHA. Significant associations for ALA and n-6 PUFA with short sleep duration or difficulty falling sleeping were not identified. Conclusions: Participants with higher concentrations of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs were less likely to have long sleep duration. While objective biomarkers reduce recall bias and misclassification, the cross-sectional design limits assessment of the temporal nature of this relation. These novel findings across 12 cohorts highlight the need for experimental and biological assessments of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs and sleep duration.Peer reviewe
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